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In Focus 2024

In 2024, the Agency continued to address the needs of Member States in tackling global challenges using nuclear techniques, while maintaining vigilant oversight of nuclear material and facilities in 190 States in accordance with their safeguards agreements with the Agency. The Agency continued its work to highlight the role of nuclear energy, including at the Nuclear Energy Summit 2024 and COP29, and launched a research mission to Antarctica to track plastic pollution using nuclear techniques. Efforts also focused on improving access to nuclear technology and applications in the areas of health, food and agriculture and environmental protection; promoting the participation of women in the nuclear field, with the achievement of gender parity among Agency staff in the Professional and higher categories; conducting safeguards in a war zone; and promoting nuclear safety and security around the world — including by helping to prevent a nuclear accident at nuclear facilities in Ukraine.

‘In Focus 2024’ provides an overview of some of these key programmatic activities that were implemented with enhanced interdepartmental coordination and in close cooperation with Member States and other interested partners, with a view to making greater impact in addressing global issues. It also includes a section entitled ‘Optimizing Organizational Effectiveness’, which summarizes efforts to optimize the use of resources and leverage technology to enable efficient and effective programme delivery.

Rays of Hope

The Rays of Hope initiative, launched in 2022, supports Member States’ efforts to increase access to safe and secure radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging services, with the goal of reducing cancer deaths worldwide.

NUTEC Plastics

NUclear TEChnology for Controlling Plastic Pollution (NUTEC Plastics) advances efforts to reduce and monitor plastic pollution globally. The initiative has two components: plastic waste upcycling and marine plastics monitoring.

ZODIAC

In 2024, the Zoonotic Disease
Integrated Action (ZODIAC) initiative continued to enhance Member States’ capacity to rapidly detect and respond to outbreaks. By the end of that year, a total of 151 Member States had designated ZODIAC National Coordinators and 129 Member States had ZODIAC National Laboratories (ZNLs).

Atoms4Food

A joint initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Agency, Atoms4Food aims to provide Member States with tailor-made and integrated solutions by harnessing nuclear science and technologies along with other advanced technologies through seven Atoms4Food services.

In Focus 2024

Renovation of the Nuclear Applications Laboratories

In Seibersdorf, Austria, the Agency runs eight nuclear applications laboratories focusing on food and agriculture, human health, environmental monitoring and assessment, and nuclear instrumentation and accelerator applications, along with two safeguards analytical laboratories. In 2014, work commenced to comprehensively renovate the nuclear applications laboratories, established in 1962.

IAEA Platform on Small Modular Reactors and Their Applications

Demand for Agency support in the area of small modular reactors (SMRs) has been increasing owing to their reduced capital costs, flexibility in terms of siting and operation, scalability and diverse products.

Nuclear Power Around the World

For a fourth successive year, the Agency revised upwards its annual projections for the potential growth of nuclear power in the coming decades.

Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative

The Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative (NHSI), launched in 2022, is aimed at facilitating the effective global deployment of safe and secure advanced nuclear reactors, including SMRs.

In Focus 2024

Fusion Energy

Recent developments in fusion energy have intensified interest among policymakers, scientists, investors and the public. In November 2024, government ministers and senior officials from numerous countries gathered in Rome for the inaugural ministerial meeting of the World Fusion Energy Group (WFEG), showcasing global advancements in developing fusion as a clean, safe and limitless energy source.

COP29 and Nuclear Energy Summit 2024

Led by the Director General, the Agency boosted the role of nuclear technology at the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29) in Baku. This followed the first ever Nuclear Energy Summit in Brussels, where over 30 high-level government officials expressed support for the role of nuclear power in enabling clean energy transitions and increasing energy security.

Atoms4NetZero

The Agency’s Atoms4NetZero initiative aims to provide policymakers and decision makers with net zero energy scenario modelling that takes into account the full potential of nuclear power to contribute to net zero emissions. The first Global Stocktake, agreed at COP28, recognized the need to accelerate the deployment of low-emissions technologies such as nuclear power.

Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards in Ukraine

In 2024, the Agency continued to closely monitor and report on the nuclear safety, security and safeguards situation in Ukraine while also providing technical support and assistance to help prevent a nuclear accident.

In Focus 2024

Fukushima ALPS-Treated Water Discharge

Since 2021, at the request of the Government of Japan, the Agency has been independently reviewing the safety of discharging advanced liquid processing system (ALPS) treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station into the sea. The Agency has committed to assessing and monitoring activities before, during and after the discharge, ensuring consistency with international safety standards.

Artificial Intelligence

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) within the Agency is increasing, mirroring global trends. The Agency is both deploying and developing AI tools and methodologies to improve programmatic efforts, management processes and administrative functions. It has also been closely engaging with counterparts to better understand the extent and manner of AI integration in the nuclear sector, and to support the sharing of information and good practices among Member States.

Optimizing Organizational Effectiveness

Meeting greater demand for the Agency’s services means increasing the output and agility of the administrative processes that underpin efficient and effective programme delivery to Member States. In this context, efforts have focused on leveraging technology to optimize processes, building staff capacities in areas such as artificial intelligence (AI) and enhancing procurement capabilities. Increasing multilingual communication and outreach also remained important.

Amendment and Rescission of Small Quantities Protocols

During 2024, significant progress was made in addressing what the Board of Governors has described as a “shortcoming in the Agency’s ability to provide safeguards assurances” — a protocol to the comprehensive safeguards agreement (CSA) referred to as the ‘small quantities protocol’ (SQP).

Together for More Women in Nuclear

The Agency works to address the under-representation of women in the nuclear field through the IAEA Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Fellowship Programme (MSCFP) and the Lise Meitner Programme (LMP). By enabling more women to enter and pursue careers in the nuclear field, these programmes help to build the future nuclear workforce.

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