The Early and Sensitive Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
Closed for Proposals
Project Type
Coordinated Research ProjectProject Code
D32026
CRP
1437
Approved Date
19 September 2007Project Status
ClosedStart Date
15 September 2007Expected End Date
31 December 2012Completed Date
11 July 2013Description
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious trans-boundary animal disease of wild and domestic small ruminants causing high morbidity and mortality ion affected herds. It is endemic in parts of Africa, the Near and Middle East and South Asia and the incidence is expanding. Traditional diagnostic techniques are time consuming, expensive and do not differentiate infected and vaccinated animals and cross react with the Rinderpest virus. This CRP will evaluate techniques for early and rapid detection of PPR by molecular methods to improve disease management and control in combination with DIVA (differentiation between infected and vaccinated) vaccines.
Objectives
The overall objective is to develop, validate and transfer to Member States sensitive, specific and rapid tests for the diagnosis of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) to help them better manage and control this transboundary animal disease (TAD)
Specific Objectives
a) Evaluate and validate current Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) methods in use for the diagnosis of PPR. There are different methodologies for RNA extraction and different sets of primers, target different regions of the genome, etc. These methodologies will be standardised, compared and validated.
b) Evaluate and validate real-time PCR. This quantitative method does not require several procedures but can be run as a single set up in one machine. In comparison to conventional PCR the RT-PCR offers increased sensitivity and specificity in a rapid format but requires a relatively expensive machine and expensive reagents.
c) Design and evaluation of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. It is a novel approach performed at one temperature, which allow obtaining extremely high amplification efficiency. It is a highly specific test based on six primers recognizing the target sequences. Compared to classical PCR, LAMP is much faster, quantitative and the amplification products can be detected by visual inspection or in real-time by the addition of a DNA intercalating fluorescent dye. Therefore, LAMP technology seems to be cost-effective in comparison to other current amplification technologies and has therefore a great potential use in developing countries for pathogen transboundary animal disease surveillance such as PPR.
d) Evaluate and validate a penside test currently under development for rapid and cheap identification of PPR virus in the field. It will be based on the use of a PPRV specific monoclonal antibody produced by the APU at Seibersdorf
Impact
As indicated above, the capacity of the different laboratories that were part of the CRP were improved for PPR diagnosis. The epidemiological data that were obtained from Burkina Faso and Ghana were considered in the planning of the control programme that is currently on-going in those two countries with the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Five fellows, coming from countries involved in this CRP, were trained in APHL for PPR diagnosis. Fellows from two other countries, not included in the CRP, were also trained in APHL on the use of techniques developed during this for PPR diagnosis.
Relevance
This aim assigned to this CRP was to develop, validate and transfer to Member States sensitive, specific and rapid tests for the diagnosis of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) to help them better manage and control this transboundary animal disease (TAD) which is drawing back small ruminant productions in many developing countries. Indeed, in Asia and Africa, PPR is the main killer of sheep and goat, thus the main threat to the livelihood of the poor farmers because those animals are among the major livestock species they rely on. It is why an animal disease consultancy which was carried out in early 2000’s singled out PPR as one of the important animal diseases to be taken into consideration in poverty alleviation policies. Because of the high negative economic impact in countries affected by PPR, this disease is one of the priorities of the FAO Emergency Preventive System (EMPRES) programme. At the recent Global Rinderpest Eradication (GREP) which was held in Rome on October 13-14, 2010, and taking into consideration the risk that PPR may pose in a “rinderpest-free world”, experts requested FAO to develop strategy (ies) in link with other partner institutions for the progressive control of PPR even its eradication as what has been achieved now for rinderpest. This strategy should be based on knowledge on the epidemiology of the disease, in particular the different animal species that could be infected by PPR virus (PPRV). All the tools that were developed and the information that were acquired will help in designing PPR control programmes as it is the case of the current PPR control programme in Burkina Faso and Ghana. The two laboratories from these countries are analysing perfectly all samples collected during this programme (not sent anymore abroad for analysis as it was the case before). FAO and OIE are developing a strategy for PPR global control programme. The laboratories in this CRP are prepared to contribute in the implementation of this future control programme and tools that were developed will be used for the analysed of collected samples.
CRP Publications
Sudan
Research paper
2013
K. A. Enan, K. S. Intisar, M. A. Haj, M. O. Hussien, K. M. Taha, A. M. Elfahal, Y. H. Ali and A. M. El Hussein. (2013). Seroprevalence of two Important viral diseases in small ruminants in Marawi Province Northern State, Sudan. International Journal of Livestock Production. 4 (2) 18-21.
China
scientific paper
2010
development of a PPR LAMP
C?te d’Ivoire, Austria and Nigeria
Research paper
2011
Adombi CM, Lelenta M, Lamien CE, Shamaki D, Koffi YM, Traoré A, Silber R, Couacy-Hymann E, Bodjo SC, Djaman JA, Luckins AG, Diallo A. Monkey CV1 cell line expressing the sheep-goat SLAM protein: a highly sensitive cell line for the isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from pathological specimens. J Virol Methods. 2011, 173(2):306-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.02.024. PMID: 21371505
Sudan
Symposium
2009
Khalafalla A.I., Intisar K.S., Ali, Y.H. (2009).Virus implicated in respiratory infections of camels. Proceedings of the second Conference of ISOCARD, P 12. Djerba- Tunisia 12-14 March 2009
Sudan
Research paper
2010
Intisar, K.S.; Ali, Y.H.; Khalafalla, A.I.; Mahasin, E.A/Rahman. (2010). Current situation of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Sudan. Trop Anim Hlth Prod, 42 (1) 89-93.
Sudan
Research paper
2010
Intisar, K.Saeed; Khalafalla, A.I.; El Hassan, S.M.; El Amin, M.A. (2011). Detection of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) antibodies in goats and sheep in different areas of Sudan using competitive ELISA. Sud J Vet Sci Anim Husb 50(1,2) 53 -61
china
Research paper
2013
Wang Y, Liu G, Shi L, Li W, Li C, Chen Z, Jin H, Xu B, Li G. Immune responses in mice vaccinated with a suicidal DNA vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin glycoprotein from the peste des petits ruminants virus. J Virol Methods. 2013, 193(2):525-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.031.
China, Austria
Research paper
2009
Li Wei; Li Gang; Fan XiaoJuan; Zhang Kun; Jia FengQin; Shi LiJun; Unger, H.Journal Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao; Establishment of a rapid method for detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. / Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2009 Vol. 31 No. 5 pp. 374-378 ISSN1008-0589
NIgeria
Research paper
2012
Luka PD, Ayebazibwe C, Shamaki D, Mwiine FN, Erume J. Sample type is vital for diagnosing infection with peste des petits ruminants virus by reverse transcription PCR. J Vet Sci. , 2012, 13(3):323-5. PMID: 23000590
Pakistan
research paper
2012
Munir M1, Zohari S, Saeed A, Khan QM, Abubakar M, LeBlanc N, Berg M. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus isolated from outbreaks in Punjab, Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2012; 59:85-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01245.x. PMID: 21777402
Sudan
Symposium
2011
Intisar K.S.; Ali Y.H.; Khalafalla A.I.; Sahar M.A.; Shaza M.M.; Ishag O.M; Braa A.A; Haj M.A.; Nouri Y.M.; Taha K.M. (2011). Epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in Sudan. Proceedings of the 4th Congress of European Microbiologists. Geneva, Switzerland, 26 – 30 June, 2011.
China
research paper
2013
Tao C, Li G, Wang Y, Huang H. Enzymatic reporting of peste des petits ruminants virus genes ligating two specific probes on nanoparticles. Biotechnol Lett. 2013, 35(4):613-8. doi: 10.1007/s10529-012-1120-3. PMID: 23247567
Mali, France, Austria
Research paper
2013
Kamissoko, B., Sidibé, C.A.K., Niang, M., Samaké, K., Traoré, A., Diakité, A., Sangaré, O., Diallo, A.,Libeau, G. Prévalence sérologique de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) des ovins et caprins à travers le Mali. Rev. Med. Pays Tropicaux, 2013, 66: 5-10
China
Research paper
2013
Wang Y, Liu G, Chen Z, Li C, Shi L, Li W, Huang H, Tao C, Cheng C, Xu B, Li G. Recombinant adenovirus expressing F and H fusion proteins of peste des petits ruminants virus induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2013, 154:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm. 2013.05.002
Sudan, France
Research paper
2010
Khalafalla AI, Saeed IK, Ali YH, Abdurrahman MB, Kwiatek O, Libeau G, Obeida AA, Abbas Z. An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camels in the Sudan. Acta Trop. 2010, 116(2):161-5. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.08.002. PMID: 20707980
China, Austria
Research paper
2011
Construction of Recombinant Baculovirus Containing Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus N Gene and Establishment of Indirect ELISA for Detecting Serum Antibodies; LI Wei ,LI Wen-chao ,WU Xiao-dong ,QIU Wen-ying ,ZHANG Kun ,Hermann Unger ,WANG Yong ,LI Gang; Chin J. animal a. vet sci; 2011, 1, 40-46
CRC Press
Book
2014
Diallo, A., Libeau, G. (2014, in press). Peste des petits ruminants. In: Liu, D. (Ed.). Manual of Security Sensitive Microbes and Toxins. CRC Press
NIgeria
Research paper
2011
Luka PD, Erume J, Mwiine FN, Ayebazibwe C, Shamaki D. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of peste des petits ruminants viruses from north central states of Nigeria. BMC Vet Res. 2011, 7:32. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-32. PMID: 21726444
France, Sudan and Austria
Research paper
2011
Kwiatek O, Ali YH, Saeed IK, Khalafalla AI, Mohamed OI, Obeida AA, Abdelrahman MB, Osman HM, Taha KM, Abbas Z, El Harrak M, Lhor Y, Diallo A, Lancelot R, Albina E, Libeau G. Asian lineage of peste des petits ruminants virus, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011, 17(7):1223-31. doi: 10.3201/eid1707.10121
France, Austria
Review paper
2014
Libeau G., Diallo A. and Parida S. Evolutionary genetics underlying the spread of peste des petits ruminants virus. Animal Frontiers, 2014, Vol. 4 (1): 14-20