The Use of Enzymes and Nuclear Technologies to Improve the Utilization of Fibrous Feeds and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission from Livestock

Closed for proposals

Project Type

Coordinated Research Project

Project Code

D31027

CRP

1761

Approved Date

18 March 2010

Status

Closed

Start Date

2 September 2010

Expected End Date

31 December 2015

Completed Date

27 September 2016

Description

The world’s poorest people, some one billion, depend on livestock for their day-to-day livelihood: food, fibre, manure, draught power, transport, ready source of cash, etc. However, livestock production in many developing countries is constrained because of poor nutrition. Because of climatic conditions, animal feeds are in short supply and what is available is of poor quality. The problem is particularly critical during the dry season when farmers may suffer great animal losses. Furthermore, there is a lack of and/or limited use of commercial concentrate feeds e.g. soybean, cottonseed and groundnut meals, etc because the resource poor farmers cannot afford them. The problem is also being exacerbated by the decreasing availability of arable land because of the rapidly increasing human population, soil/land degradation, urbanization and effects of global warming. Furthermore, methane production from ruminants fed poor quality diets such as straw and stover is higher than those from animals fed better quality forages. The increased concentration of greenhouse gases (e.g. methane) in the troposphere has been implicated in climate change and global warming. Reducing methane emission from ruminant animals therefore has implications not only for efficient animal production but also for global environmental protection. Recent research is showing that supplementing livestock diets with fibre degrading enzymes can improve the efficiency of feed utilization, resulting in improved animal performance and a reduction of methane emissions. This CRP which is an activity under the project 2.1.2.1: Integrated management of animal nutrition, reproduction and health, aims to improve the efficiency of using locally available feed resources to improve livestock production while protecting the environment.

Objectives

To improve efficiency of utilizing locally available feed resources including tree and shrub leaves, agro-industrial by-products and other lesser-known and/or new plants adapted to the harsh conditions or capable of growing in poor, marginal and degraded soils.

Specific objectives

a) To determine the effects of supplementing livestock diets with enzymes on (i) fibre degradation in vitro, in situ and in vivo, (ii) feed intake and digestibility, (iii) ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and enteric methane production, and (iv) on milk production and composition and/or growth performance.

b) To determine the mode of action, the critical enzymatic activities and application method and rates needed to elicit the desired response.

c) To determine the effects of supplementing livestock diets with enzymes on animal performance and enteric methane production.

d) To build capacity in developing countries on the use of nuclear and related technologies to improve livestock productivity and to create opportunities for research collaboration internationally.

Impact

Standardised protocols, tools and methodologies for characterising enzyme activities, enzyme treatments of feeds and forages and for animal nutrition research and practices under diversified production systems were developed and distributed. A good number of publications (n=30) and trained personnel (20 students and 10 research contract holders) supported a substantial human resources development in Members States who will continue contributing to planning and conduction of animal nutrition researches, data analysis and interpretation and preparation and publication of research articles and their public presentations.

Relevance

Using stable isotope (carbon -13) and molecular analysis (PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene and DNA sequencing) it was reported that methane production depends on the presence of methanogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Isotope techniques like nitrogen-15 was used to estimate microbial protein synthesis. Results will serve as a basis for enzyme supplementation of livestock feed for optimisation and better utilisation local feeds resources to increase livestock productivity.

CRP Publications

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Publication URL

http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/3/suja27041.html

Description

Sujani S, Pathirana I N and Seresinhe R T 2015 Enhanced in vitro fermentation parameters of guinea grass ecotype ‘A’ (Panicum maximum) and rice straw (Oryza sativa) with supplementation of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 27, Article #041.

Country/Organization

Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Publication URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859614000975

Description

K.I. Valdes, A. Z. M. Salem*, S. Lopez, M. U. Alonso, N. Rivero, M. M. Y. Elghandour, I. A. Domínguez , M. G. Ronquillo And A. E. Kholif, 2015. Influence of exogenous enzymes in presence of Salix babylonica extract on digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and performance of lambs fed maize silage. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Cambridge 153(4), 732–742.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

A.Z.M. Salem*, H. Alsersy, L.M. Camacho, M.M. El-Adawy, M.M.Y. Elghandour, A.E. Kholif, N. Rivero, M.U. Alonso, A. Zaragoza, 2015. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and ruminal fermentation activities in sheep fed Atriplex halimus ensiled with three developed enzyme cocktails.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154:36-46

Year

2009

Publication URL

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840109002545

Description

Influence of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk production and composition in dairy cows

Country/Organization

Mexico

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Min Wang, Rong Wang, Shan Yang, Jin Ping Deng, Shao Xun Tang, Zhi Liang Tan, 2015. Effects of three methane mitigation agents on parameters of kinetics of total and hydrogen gas production, ruminal fermentation and hydrogen balance using in vitro technique. Animal Science Journal 87: 224–232

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Publication URL

http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1202s15/001_A00371life1202s15_1_LifeSI1_1…

Description

Liyuan Zhao, Yongjia Peng, Jiakun Wang, Jianxin Liu, 2015. Effects of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzyme on in vitro Ruminal Fiber Digestion and Methane Production of Corn Stover and Corn stover Based Mixed Diets. Life Sci J. 12(2):1-9

Country/Organization

Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

Mao HL, Wu CH, Wang JK, Liu JX. 2013. Synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with rice straw as substrate. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. 13 (3): 477-487.

Country/Organization

Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University

Type

Text book ISBN: 978-1-62417-000-3

Year

2013

Description

Nutritional Strategies in Animal Feed Additives by A.Z.M. Salem. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, USA. 400 Oser Avenue, Suite 1600, Hauppauge, NY 11788

Country/Organization

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Publication URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12247

Description

Haidy Alsersy, Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem*, Borhami E. Borhami, Jaime Olivares, Hany M. Gado, Maria D. Mariezcurrena, Mohamed H. Yacuot, Ahmed E. Kholif, Mounir El-Adawy and Saul R. Hernandez, 2015. Effect of Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Animal Science Journal 86(1), 51–58.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2012

Description

Salem*, A.Z.M., Hassan, A.A., Gado, H.M., Khalil, M.S., Simbaya, J., 2012. Effect of sun-drying and exogenous enzymes on nutrients intake and digestibility as well as nitrogen utilization in sheep fed Atriplex halimus foliages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 171, 128-135.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

Chen X, Mao HL, Wang JK, Wu CH, Liu JX. 2013. Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production of corn silage. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition. 25(1): 214-221.

Country/Organization

Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922866437&partnerID=MN8TOAR…

Description

J.A. Cayetano, A.Z.M. Salem*, B.M.A. Mariezcurrena, R. Rojo, M.A. Cerrillo-Soto, H. Gado and L.M. Camacho, 2013. Effect of Adding Salix babylonica Extracts and Exogenous Enzymes to Basal Diets on the Meat Quality of Growing Suffolk Lambs. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 13(3), 373-380.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 165:131-136.

Year

2011

Publication URL

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840111000599

Description

Influence of exogenous enzymes ensiled with orange pulp on digestion and growth performance in lambs

Country/Organization

D31027

Type

Conference proceedings

Year

2014

Description

Natel, A.S., Dhanasekaran, D.K., Abdalla, A.L., Coimbra, S., Santos, P.P., Louvandini, H. Fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro gas production and degradability of Tifton hay (Cynodon spp.). In: ASA, CSSA and SSSA International Annual Meeting, 2014, Long Beach. Proceedings. Madison: ASA, CSSA and SSSA, 2014.

Country/Organization

Brazil

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Belete Shenkute Gemeda, Abubeker Hassen: Methane production of two roughage and total mixed ration as influenced by cellulase and xylanase enzyme addition. Scientia Agricola 01/2015; 72 (1):11-19.

Country/Organization

Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

Soltan, Y.A., Abdalla, A.L., Silva, L.R.F., Natel, A.S., Morsy, A.S. and Louvandini, H. Response of different tropical pasture grass species to treatments with fibrolytic enzymes in terms of in vitro ruminal nutrient degradation and methanogenesis. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, v.13, p.551-568, 2013.

Country/Organization

Brazil

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2016

Description

S. Sujani, T. Piyasena, T. Seresinhe*, I. Pathirana, I. Gajaweera, 2016. Supplementation of rice straw (Oryza sativa) with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes improves in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 40:

Country/Organization

Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Publication URL

http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajas.2015.85.99&org=12

Description

S. Sujani and R.T. Seresinhe, 2015, “Exogenous enzymes in ruminant nutrition: A review”, Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 9 (3), pp: 85-99.

Country/Organization

Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

M. Wang, P.H. Janssen, X.Z. Sun, S. Muetzel, M. Tavendale, Z.L. Tan, D. Pacheco. A mathematical model to describe in vitro kinetics of H2 gas. Accumulation. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2013, 184:1-6

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed Journal

Year

2014

Description

Arroquy, J I, Cornacchione, M V, Colombatto, D & Kunst (Jr.), C. 2014. ChemicalComposition and In Vitro Ruminal Degradation of Hay and Silage from TropicalGrasses. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 94: 705-715.

Country/Organization

Argentina

Type

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 21 (4): 577-587.

Year

2012

Description

Effect of exogenous enzymes and Salix babylonica extract or their combination on haematological parameters in growing lambs.

Country/Organization

D31027

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.014

Description

A. Z. M. Salem*, H. M. Gado, D. Colombatto, M.M.Y. Eghandour, 2013. Effect of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in beef steers. Livestock Science 154, 69–73.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2016

Publication URL

http://ajas.info/journal/view.php?doi=10.5713/ajas.15.0188

Description

Zuo Wang, Zhixiong He,Karen A. Beauchemin, Shaoxun Tang, Chuanshe Zhou, Xuefeng Han, Min Wang, Jinhe Kang, Nicholas E. Odongo, Zhiliang Tan, 2016. Evaluation of Different Yeast Species for Improving In vitro Fermentation of Cereal Straws. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 29(2): 230–240.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2014

Description

R. Wang, L.Y. Yang, M. Wang, J.P. Deng, Z.C. Yan, S.X. Tang, C.S. Zhou, Z.L. Tan. Accuracy of predicting in vitro ruminal methane production using a volatile fatty acids stoichiometric model. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology. 2014. 25(5):1-7.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Animal Feed Science and Technology 171, 128–135.

Year

2012

Publication URL

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037784011100441X

Description

Effects of sun-drying and exogenous enzymes on nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep fed Atriplex halimus foliages

Country/Organization

D31027

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2016

Publication URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.11.006

Description

Ahmed E. Kholif, Luis A. Baza-García, Mona M.Y. Elghandour, Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem*, Alberto Barbabosa, Ignacio A. Dominguez-Vara, Juan E. Sanchez-Torres, 2016. In Vitro Assessment of Fecal Inocula From Horses Fed on High-Fiber Diets With Fibrolytic Enzymes Addition on Gas, Methane and Carbon Dioxide Productions As Indicators of Hindgut Activity. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 39, 44–50.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Journal of Dairy Science, 94:899-907

Year

2011

Publication URL

http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(11)00036-1/fulltext

Description

Improved milk production efficiency in early lactation dairy cattle with dietary addition of a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive

Country/Organization

Canada

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

4. Y. Zu, S.X. Tang, Z.L. Tan, Y. Liu, T. Ran. Effects of cellulase origination on in vitro fermentation characteristics and methane production of forage. Research of Agricultural Modernization. 2013. 34(2): 239-243.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2014

Description

Dineshkumar, D., Abdalla, A.L., Silva, S.C.M.L., Lucas, R.C., Cavalcante, S.E.A.S., Souza, G.D., Santos, P.P. dos, Santos, J.E.M. dos, Louvandini, H. Effect of temperature and pre-incubation time of fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro degradability of Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens). Animal Production Science, v.54, n.10, p. 1779-1783, 2014.

Country/Organization

Brazil

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2012

Publication URL

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873859780&partnerID=MN8TOAR…

Description

N. Rivero, A.Z.M. Salem*, H.M. Gado, M.G. Ronquillo, A.B. Pliego, C.G. Pe?uelas, N.E. Odongo 2012. Effect of exogenous enzymes and Salix babylonica extract or their combination on haematological parameters in growing lambs. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 21(4), 577-587.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

Duanqin Wu, Shaoxun Tang , Zhixiong He, Edwin Nicholas Odongo, Zhiliang Tan, Xuefeng Han, Chuanshe Zhou, Jinhe Kang, Min Wang. Oleic and linoleic acids alter fermentation characteristics, methane and fatty acid isomers production during in vitro incubation with mixed ruminal microbes. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2013.11 (2): 464-469.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Livestock Science, 136:192-200.

Year

2011

Publication URL

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187114131000524X

Description

Influence of individual and mixed extracts of two tree species on in vitro gas production kinetics of a high concentrate diet fed to growing lambs

Country/Organization

Mexico

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.11.010

Description

M.M.Y. Elghandour, A.Z.M. Salem*, M. Ronquillo, J.L. Bórquez, H.M. Gado, N.E. Odongo, C.G. Pe?uelas, 2013. Effect of exogenous enzymes on in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of four fibrous feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 179, 46-53.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

MSc Thesis in Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales

Year

2012

Description

Impact of exogenous enzymes on in vitro ruminal fermentation activities of low quality roughages by Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen Elghandour.

Country/Organization

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872841982&partnerID=MN8TOAR…

Description

D. López, M.M.Y. Elghandour, A.Z.M. Salem*, J.F. Vázquez-Armijo, M.C. Salazar, and H.M. Gado, 2013. Influence of Exogenous Enzymes on In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics and Dry Matter Degradability of a High Concentrate Diet. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 13(3), 527-536.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed Journal

Year

2016

Description

Cantet, J M, Jaurena, G, Arroquy, J I & Colombatto, D. 2016. Methane productionand in vitro digestibility of low quality forages treated with a protease or a cellulase.Animal Production Science 50: 1700-1706.

Country/Organization

Argentina

Type

Journal of Dairy Science 95, 1519-1427

Year

2012

Publication URL

http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(12)00099-9/fulltext

Description

A fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating Holstein cow diets: Ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, and enteric methane emissions

Country/Organization

Canada

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893180023&partnerID=MN8TOAR…

Description

N. Rivero, A.Z.M. Salem*, M.G. Ronquillo, M.A. Cerrillo-Soto, L.M. Camacho, H. Gado and C.G. Pe?uelas, 2013. Effects of Exogenous Enzymes and Salix Babylonica L. Extract on Cellular Immune Response and its Correlation with Average Daily Weight Gain in Growing Lambs. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 13(3), 411-422.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Qi Lu, Jinzhen Jiao, Shaoxun Tang, Zhixiong He, Chuanshe Zhou, Xuefeng Han, Min Wang, Jinghe Kang, N. E. Odongo and Zhiliang Tan. Effects of dietary cellulase and xylanase addition on digestion, rumen fermentation and methane emission in growing goats. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2015, 69(4): 251-266.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Abdelfattah Z M Salem*, German Buendía-Rodríguez, Mona M M Elghandour, María A Mariezcurrena Berasain, Francisco J Pe?a Jiménez, Alberto B Pliego, Juan C V Chagoyán, María A Cerrillo, Miguel A Rodríguez, 2015. Effects of cellulase and xylanase enzymes mixed with increasing doses of Salix babylonica extract on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a mixture of corn silage with concentrate. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 14(1), 131-139.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2014

Description

B.S Gemeda, A. Hassen, N.E Odongo: Effect of fibrolytic enzyme products at different levels on in vitro ruminal fermentationof low quality feeds and total mixed ration. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 10/2014; 24 (5):1293-1302.

Country/Organization

Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

N. Rivero, A.Z.M. Salem*, 2015. Biochemical parameters in sheep fed diet in presence of mixed Salix babylonica extract and exogenous enzyme as feed additives. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85 (2), 189–194.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed Journal

Year

2012

Description

Jaurena, G, Wawrzkiewicz, M & Colombatto, D. 2012. Propuesta de terminologíapara reportes de laboratorios de nutrición animal. Revista Argentina de ProducciónAnimal 32: 135-148

Country/Organization

Argentina

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

S.X. Tang, Y. Zou, M. Wang, A.Z.M. Salem, N.E. Odongo, C.S. Zhou, X.F. Han, Z.L. Tan?, M. Zhang, Y.F. Fu, S.Q. Huang, Z.X. He, J.H. Kang. Effects of Exogenous Cellulase Source on In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production of Crop Straws and Grasses. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2013, 13:111-126.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed Journal

Year

2015

Description

Jaurena, G, Cantet, J M, Arroquy, J I, Palladino, R A, Wawrzkiewicz, M &Colombatto, D. 2015. Prediction of the Ym factor for livestock from on-farmaccesible data. Livestock Science 177: 52-62.

Country/Organization

Argentina

Type

Livestock Science 154: 69–73.

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141313001066

Description

Effects of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in beef steers

Country/Organization

D31017

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Description

Wu CH, Mao HL, Chen X, Wang JK, Liu JX. 2013. Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production of rice straw. Chinese Journal of Animal Science. 49(19): 47-51.

Country/Organization

Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University

Type

Peer reviewed Journal

Year

2013

Description

Salem, A Z M, Gado, H M, Colombatto, D, Elghandour, M M Y. 2013. Effects ofexogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growthperformance in beef steers. Livestock Science 154: 69-73.

Country/Organization

Argentina

Type

Peer reviewed Journal

Year

2013

Description

Phakachoed, N, Suksombat, W, Colombatto, D & Beauchemin, K A. 2013. Use offibrolytic enzyme additives to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn silage.Livestock Science. 157: 100-112.

Country/Organization

Argentina

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893180023&partnerID=MN8TOAR…

Description

12. N. Rivero, A.Z.M. Salem*, M.G. Ronquillo, M.A. Cerrillo-Soto, L.M. Camacho, H. Gado and C.G. Pe?uelas, 2013. Effects of Exogenous Enzymes and Salix Babylonica L. Extract on Cellular Immune Response and its Correlation with Average Daily Weight Gain in Growing Lambs. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 13(3), 411-422.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2016

Description

S. Sujani, I.N. Pathirana, R.T. Seresinhe, K.B. Dassanayaka, 2016. In vitro Effects of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Rumen Fermentation of Wild Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum). Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 6 (2): 303-308

Country/Organization

Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna

Type

Animal Feed Science and Technology 179, 46-53.

Year

2013

Publication URL

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840112003951

Description

Effects of exogenous enzymes on in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of four fibrous feeds

Country/Organization

D31017

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Z. X. He, L. Y. Yang, W. Z. Yang, K. A. Beauchemin, S. X. Tang, J. Y. Huang, C. S. Zhou, X. F. Han, M. Wang, J.H. Kang, N. E. Odongo, Z. L. Tan. Efficacy of exogenous xylanases for improving in vitro fermentation of forages. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2015, 153(3), p. 538-553.

Country/Organization

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Zhao LY, Peng YJ, Wang JK, Liu JX. 2015. Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on in vitro ruminal fiber digestion and methane production of corn stover and corn stover based mixed diets. Life Science Journal. 2015.12(2s):1-9

Country/Organization

Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University

Type

Conference proceedings

Year

2012

Description

Chen X, Wang JK, Mao HL, Wu CH, Wu YM, Liu JX. Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro rumen fermentation of corn silage. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 90, Suppl. 3/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 95, Suppl. 2: 138. Presented at the ADSA-AMPA-ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS Joint Meeting, held in Phoenix, Arizona, 15-19 July 2012

Country/Organization

Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem*, Mona M.Y. Elghandour, Ahmed E. Kholif, Nicholas E. Odongo, Francisco J.P. Jiménez, Roberto Montes-de-Oca, Ignacio A. Domínguez, Jorge A. Dibarrat, 2015. The Effect of Feeding Horses A High Fibre Diet With or Without Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes Supplementation on Nutrient Digestion, Blood Chemistry, Faecal Coliform Count and in vitro Faecal Fermentation. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35 (9), 735–743.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Type

Peer reviewed journal

Year

2015

Description

A.Z.M. Salem*, H. Ammar, A.E. Kholif, M.M.Y. Elghandour, L.B. Ortiz, 2015. Effect of glucoamylase enzyme extract on in vitro gas production and degradability of two diets with 25% of corn or sorghum grains. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85 (2), 183–188.

Country/Organization

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

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The Use of Enzymes and Nuclear Technologies to Improve the Utilization of Fibrous Feeds and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission from Livestock

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