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          Photo Essays
            
          

  
  
          

          
    
          
  
  
      
          
      
          
    
    
    
          
          
        
      
          
      
          
  
          
          
          
                  
                        
          
          
           

                  
          
              
          
                    
          
      
    
          
          
          
        
      
          
      
          

          

              
          
  
  
      
          
      

          
  
          
                      
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.12.21    
  
                  
          &copy; IAEA
            
            
          
          Lebanon NSNS
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.11.26    
  
                  
          &copy; IAEA
            
            
          
          Success Stories in Technical Cooperation
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.11.21    
  
                  
          There are many tools available to the IAEA Safeguards inspector. Some of these tools are unique to the IAEA - made specially to ensure that inspectors receive accurate and timely information about states' nuclear activities. The tools also enable inspectors to determine whether the data collected has been falsified or tampered with. This collection of photos looks at some of those tools both in the field and at the IAEA's headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 
            
            
          
          Equipment Used in Safeguards
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.11.08    
  
                  
          Under the vision and leadership of Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics was founded in 1964. For over 45 years, the ICTP has played a crucial role as a bridge between North and South and between East and West during the Cold War. Through the universal language of science, ICTP demonstrates the importance of a global approach to address the problems of our time. Its fundamental mission is to bring together scientists from all over the world to help pass on scientific know-how to the developing world.
            
            
          
          International Centre of Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.11.08    
  
                  
          <p>When two light atomic nuclei collide under intense pressure and heat, they may fuse together into a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. Similar fusion reactions generate the enormous energy produced by the Sun and other stars.</p>&copy; Sun / Soho
            
            
          
          Nuclear Fusion: Harnessing the Power of the Sun
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.05.31    
  
                  
          <p>The raw material for today’s nuclear fuel is uranium. It must be processed through a series of steps to produce an efficient fuel for generating electricity. Used fuel also needs to be taken care of for reuse and disposal.</p><p>The nuclear fuel cycle includes the ‘front end’, i.e. preparation of the fuel, the ‘service period’ in which fuel is used during reactor operation to generate electricity, and the ‘back end’, i.e. the safe management of spent nuclear fuel including reprocessing and reuse and disposal.</p><p>If spent fuel is not reprocessed, the fuel cycle is referred to as an ‘open’ or a ‘once-through’ fuel cycle; if spent fuel is reprocessed, and partly reused, it is referred to as a ‘closed’ fuel cycle.</p> &copy; A. Diesner-Kuepfer / IAEA
            
            
          
          IAEA Introduction to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.03.22    
  
                  
          Explaining the drip irrigation technique.
            
            
          
          Drip Irrigation: More Crop per Drop
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2010.03.08    
  
                  
          The future growth of energy, electricity and nuclear power up to the year 2030 is presented as low and high estimates in order to encompass the uncertainties associated with the future. These estimates should be viewed as very general growth trends whose validity must constantly be subjected to critical review.
            
            
          
          Nuclear Power Projections: Estimates for the Period up to 2030
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2009.12.04    
  
                  
          <p>Each atom contains a tiny central positively charged nucleus and a number of electrons. The electrons carry negative electric charge and move around the nucleus in shells with loosely defined boundaries.</p><p>The nucleus of the atom contains protons, which carry a positive charge equal to the electron’s negative charge, and neutrons, which carry no charge at all.</p><p>Atoms normally contain equal numbers of protons and electrons and are therefore electrically neutral.</p><p>The illustration shows the oxygen atom planetary model with a nucleus of 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 orbital electrons.</p>&copy; IAEA
            
            
          
          Radiation Fundamentals
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2009.11.24    
  
                  
          30 countries around the world currently operate over 430 nuclear reactors. Many of them are planning to expand their nuclear power programmes and some are already constructing new plants. In addition, many more countries have expressed an interest in introducing nuclear power to meet energy needs. But there is still no system in place for the permanent disposal of the spent nuclear fuel, which is generated by the nuclear power plants and is highly radioactive, remaining hazardous for up to 100?000 years. &copy; L. Potterton/IAEA
            
            
          
          Deep Disposal: The Swedish Solution
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2009.11.24    
  
                  
          <p>It is estimated that the cultivation of olives dates back over 7?000 years.</p><p>Homer wrote about them in his Odyssey, Hippocrates praised olive oil for its medicinal purposes and olive tree leaves were found in the tomb of Tutankhamen.</p>&copy; David Nestel; Chronis Rempoulakis/ARO, Israel
            
            
          
          Olive Fly: Nuclear Technology to Protect an Ancient Fruit
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          
            
          
                
          
  2009.09.29    
  
                  
          &copy; IAEA
            
            
          
          Toxic Playpens: Children and Lead Pollution
                        
  
                  
            
                      
          
          
                            
          

  
          
    
          
  
        
  
  
  
  

              
    
    

          
    
          
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

          


          
  
          
      
          
    
          
  
          






  
          
    
          
      
          
          
          
    
          

      
  
          
  
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