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          Radiation Inactivation of Bio-hazards Using High Powered Electron Beam Accelerators

          Closed for proposals

          Project Type

          Coordinated Research Project

          Project Code

          F23033

          CRP

          2220

          Approved Date

          8 November 2017

          Status

          Closed

          Start Date

          13 April 2018

          Expected End Date

          12 April 2022

          Completed Date

          30 June 2025

          Participating Countries

          Argentina
          Brazil
          Canada
          Egypt
          Germany
          Hungary
          Kuwait
          Malaysia
          Poland
          Portugal
          Republic of Korea
          Tunisia
          Türkiye
          United States of America

          Description

          Radiation technology has emerged as an effective tool for decontamination of biohazards. It has been instrumental in improving the quality of human life through its proven effectiveness in sterilization of medical and healthcare products, and also for improving food safety. Over the years this technology has been primarily based on using gamma radiation sources like Co-60 as the radiation source. However, the emerging concerns regarding the safety and security of radioactive sources coupled with issues related to shipping such materials through normal supply chain process have encouraged industry to look for machine based electron beam radiation sources in future. To bring out the full potential of electron beams in these areas related to treatment of biohazards, it is important to establish a number of factors that include the kinetics of inactivation which is complicated on account of the variety of radiation sources, their dose rates, and energies as well as because of differences in the nature of microbes and their environment. This?Coordinated Research Project (CRP) relates to establishing the kinetics of inactivation of microbes at high dose rates so as to use electron beam technology for inactivation of biohazards.

          Objectives

          Formulate guidelines to enhance and strengthen use of electron beam accelerators for treatment of biohazards of concern under changing conditions such as at high dose rates, different ambient conditions, and varying substrates in applications such as radiation sterilization, hygienization of bio-solids, sanitizing infectious hospital waste or toxic effluents and eliminating deliberate biohazards.

          Specific objectives

          Demonstrate treatment of biohazards using electron accelerators.

          Develop validation procedures for the processes of treating biohazards at high dose rates

          Develop guidelines for treatment of biohazards using electron beam accelerators

          Dose setting procedures appropriate to specific bio contaminants.

          Provide reliable data about radiation inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms and other bio contaminants under varying physical conditions.

          Develop appropriate methodologies for treatment of biohazards using electron beam accelerators

          Impact

          The impact of the CRP F23033, aimed at enhancing and strengthening the use of electron beam (e-beam) accelerators for treating biohazards is multifaceted. First of all, it was clearly demonstrated that electron beam accelerators effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens by damaging their DNA/RNA, preventing reproduction. This technology can be used to disinfect medical supplies, protective equipment, and even wastewater, providing a rapid method to control pathogens. By treating biohazardous materials (such as medical waste or contaminated animal products) with e-beams, the spread of infectious diseases, which is crucial in preventing pandemics, can be significantly reduced. Second, as e-beam sterilization is a clean process, it significantly reduces the need for harsh chemicals (e.g., ethylene oxide, formaldehyde) traditionally used in sterilization. This minimizes the release of toxic byproducts, which is beneficial for both the environment and human health. Accelerated biodegradation of organic waste, like animal or plant byproducts, can help manage waste efficiently. Treated bio-waste can even be reused safely, potentially as fertilizer or other byproducts, contributing to a circular economy model. In addition, electron beam technology proved to be useful for food sterilization as it reduces or eliminates pathogens without significant alteration to the food's properties or nutritional content. This enhances food safety, shelf life, and supports export quality standards. Finally, this project encouraged the development of scalable, cost-effective e-beam technology, supporting new applications and research, from industrial sterilization to experimental treatments for other contaminants (e.g., pharmaceutical residues).

          Relevance

          This CRP is relevant to several IAEA topics (see below) and other CRPs, for example F23034, F23035, and D61025

          CRP Publications

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720357107?via%3Dihub

          Description

          A research article on "Antibiotics in a wastewater matrix at environmentally relevant concentrations affect coexisting resistant/sensitive bacterial cultures with profound impact on advanced oxidation treatment"

          Country/Organization

          Hungary, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Eimeria tenella oocysts attenuated by low energy electron irradiation (LEEI) induce protection against challenge infection in chickens

          Country/Organization

          Germany

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          http://www.netjournals.org/z_MRI_21_011.html

          Description

          A research article on "Mycoflora and DNA sequencing analysis of radioresistant fungi isolated from irradiated vehicular air conditioning filters collected in S?o Paulo, Brazil"

          Country/Organization

          Brazil, IPEN

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32692357/

          Description

          A research article on "Radiosensitivity of Feline Calicivirus F9 on Iceberg Lettuce Surface after Combined Treatments with ?-Radiation"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

          Type

          Journal article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Microbicidal effectiveness of irradiation from Gamma and X-ray sources at different dose rates against the foodborne illness pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in rice

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-69347-7

          Description

          A research article on "Automated application of low energy electron irradiation enables inactivation of pathogen- and cell-containing liquids in biomedical research and production facilities"

          Country/Organization

          Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          The use of gamma radiation for extractability improvement of bioactive compounds in olive oil wastes

          Country/Organization

          Portugal

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0882401020302242?via%3Dih…

          Description

          A research article on "Microbial radiosensitization using combined treatments of essential oils and irradiation- part B: Comparison between gamma-ray and X-ray at different dose rates"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Reduction in microbial infection risks from raw milk by Electron Beam Technology

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Automated application of low energy electron irradiation enables inactivation of pathogenand cell-containing liquids in biomedical research and production facilities

          Country/Organization

          Germany

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698921/

          Description

          A research article on "Effect of Gamma-Radiation on Zearalenone—Degradation, Cytotoxicity and Estrogenicity"

          Country/Organization

          Portugal, C2TN

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          WYKORZYSTANIE PROMIENIOWANIA JONIZUJACEGO W OBRóBCE OSADóW Z OCZYSZCZALNI SCIEKóW. ?ZEROENERGETYCZNA” TECHNOLOGIA DO OBRóBKI OSADóW SCIEKOWYCH

          Country/Organization

          Poland

          Type

          Conference Paper

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Inactivación microbiana en residuos de animales de laboratorio utilizando radiaciones ionizantes

          Country/Organization

          Argentina

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X19304827

          Description

          A research article on "Reduction in microbial infection risks from raw milk by Electron Beam Technology"

          Country/Organization

          USA, TAMU

          Type

          Conference presentation

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          http://www.nutech2020.pl/paper-submissions

          Description

          A conference presentation on "A METHOD OF HYGIENISATION AND DISINTEGRATION"

          Country/Organization

          Poland, INCT

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Effect of Gamma-Radiation on Zearalenone— Degradation, Cytotoxicity and Estrogenicity

          Country/Organization

          Portugal

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Benchmarking the minimum Electron Beam (eBeam) dose required for the sterilization of space foods

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Book chapter

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://www.atenaeditora.com.br/post-artigo/45802

          Description

          Book chapter "MICROBIAL INACTIVATION IN ANIMAL WASTE WITH IONIZING RADIATION" in a book "MICROBIOLOGIA: CLINICA, AMBIENTAL E ALIMENTOS"

          Country/Organization

          Argentina, CNEA

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Microbial radiosensitization using combined treatments of essential oils and irradiation- part B: Comparison between gamma-ray and X-ray at different dose rates

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Low-Energy Electron Irradiation Eciently Inactivates the Gram-Negative Pathogen Rodentibacter pneumotropicus—A New Method for the Generation of Bacterial Vaccines with Increased Ecacy

          Country/Organization

          Germany

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Mycoflora and DNA sequencing analysis of radioresistant fungi isolated from irradiated vehicular air conditioning filters collected in S?o Paulo, Brazil

          Country/Organization

          Brazil

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Controlling the Colonization of Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens by an Electron-Beam-Killed Vaccine

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Ionizing Radiation Technologies to Increase the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Agro-Industrial Residues: A Review

          Country/Organization

          Portugal

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2022

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Assessment of microbiological correlates and immunostimulatory potential of Electron Beam Inactivated Metabolically Active Yet Non Culturable (MAyNC) Salmonella Typhimurium

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31024484/

          Description

          A research article on "A Comparative Analysis of the Metabolomic Response of Electron Beam Inactivated E. coli O26:H11 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311"

          Country/Organization

          USA, TAMU

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://www.oatext.com/emerging-pollutants-related-toxicity-and-water-quality-de…

          Description

          A research article on "Emerging pollutants, related toxicity, and water quality decreasing: tannery, textile, and pharmaceuticals load pollutants"

          Country/Organization

          Brazil, IPEN

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023643820301997?via%3Dih…

          Description

          A research article on "Effect of ?-irradiation on the microbial inactivation, nutritional value, and antioxidant activities of infant formula"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X2030582X?via%3Dihub

          Description

          A research article on "A critical review of ionizing radiation technologies for the remediation of waters containing Microcystin-LR and M. aeruginosa"

          Country/Organization

          USA, TAMU

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/nuka-2019-0007

          Description

          A research article on "‘Zero energy’ electron beam technology for sludge hygienization"

          Country/Organization

          Poland, INCT

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023643820308306?via%3Dih…

          Description

          A research article on "Microbicidal effectiveness of irradiation from Gamma and X-ray sources at different dose rates against the foodborne illness pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in rice"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

          Type

          Research Article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/671

          Description

          A research article on "Controlling the Colonization of Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens by an Electron-Beam-Killed Vaccine"

          Country/Organization

          USA, TAMU

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X20313785?via%3Dihub

          Description

          A research article on "Radiosensitization of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae using combined treatments of essential oils and ionizing radiation with gamma-ray and X-Ray at different dose rates"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Radiosensitivity increase in FCV-F9 virus using combined treatments with natural antimicrobials and gamma-irradiation

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Research Article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X17302670

          Description

          A research article on "Benchmarking the minimum Electron Beam (eBeam) dose required for the sterilization of space foods"

          Country/Organization

          USA, TAMU

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          A critical review of ionizing radiation technologies for the remediation of waters containing Microcystin-LR and M. aeruginosa

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32121656/

          Description

          A research article on "Low-Energy Electron Irradiation Efficiently Inactivates the Gram-Negative Pathogen Rodentibacter pneumotropicus-A New Method for the Generation of Bacterial Vaccines with Increased Efficacy"

          Country/Organization

          Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Potential synergistic antimicrobial efficiency of binary combinations of essential oils against Bacillus cereus and Paenibacillus amylolyticus-Part A

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Low-energy electron-beam treatment as alternative for on-site sterilization of highly functionalized medical products – A feasibility study

          Country/Organization

          Germany

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          A Comparative Analysis of the Metabolomic Response of Electron Beam Inactivated E. coli O26:H11 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Conference presentation

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          http://www.nutech2020.pl/paper-submissions

          Description

          A conference presentation on "NEW TRENDS IN ELECTRON BEAM"

          Country/Organization

          Poland, INCT

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Escherichia coli Cells Exposed to Lethal Doses of Electron Beam Irradiation Retain Their Ability to Propagate Bacteriophages and Are Metabolically Active

          Country/Organization

          USA

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Antibiotics in a wastewater matrix at environmentally relevant concentrations affect coexisting resistant/sensitive bacterial cultures with profound impact on advanced oxidation treatment

          Country/Organization

          Hungary

          Type

          Conference Paper

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          NEW TRENDS IN ELECTRON BEAM ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

          Country/Organization

          Poland

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401719300020?via%3Dihub

          Description

          A research article on "Eimeria tenella oocysts attenuated by low energy electron irradiation (LEEI) induce protection against challenge infection in chickens"

          Country/Organization

          Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics

          Type

          Conference Paper

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Preventing the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Matrices by High Energy Irradiation

          Country/Organization

          Hungary

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04984

          Description

          A research article on "Ionizing Radiation Technologies to Increase the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Agro-Industrial Residues: A Review"

          Country/Organization

          Portugal, C2TN

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Radiosensitivity of Feline Calicivirus F9 on Iceberg Lettuce Surface after Combined Treatments with c-Radiation

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Conference presentation

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          http://www.congresoargentinayambiente.org/index.php?act=showPaginaid%3D145

          Description

          Presentationa at the IV Congreso Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Ambiental "Inactivación microbiana en residuos de animales de laboratorio utilizando radiaciones ionizantes"

          Country/Organization

          Argentina, CNEA

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02138/full

          Description

          A research article on "Escherichia coli Cells Exposed to Lethal Doses of Electron Beam Irradiation Retain Their Ability to Propagate Bacteriophages and Are Metabolically Active"

          Country/Organization

          USA, TAMU

          Type

          Report

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          http://www.ichtj.waw.pl/ichtj/publ/b_report/b2019_02.htm

          Description

          A report on "WYKORZYSTANIE PROMIENIOWANIA JONIZUJACEGO W OBRóBCE OSADóW Z OCZYSZCZALNI SCIEKóW. ?ZEROENERGETYCZNA” TECHNOLOGIA DO OBRóBKI OSADóW SCIEKOWYCH"

          Country/Organization

          Poland, INCT

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Emerging pollutants, related toxicity, and water quality decreasing: Tannery, textile, and pharmaceuticals load pollutants

          Country/Organization

          Brazil

          Type

          Journal article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://www.academia.edu/44943260/Microbiologia_Cl%C3%ADnica_Ambiental_e_Aliment…

          Description

          MICROBIAL INACTIVATION IN ANIMAL WASTE WITH IONIZING RADIATION

          Country/Organization

          Argentina

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0882401019321667?via%3Dih…

          Description

          A research article on "Potential synergistic antimicrobial efficiency of binary combinations of essential oils against Bacillus cereus and Paenibacillus amylolyticus-Part A"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720322233?via%3Dihub

          Description

          A research article on "The use of gamma radiation for extractability improvement of bioactive compounds in olive oil wastes"

          Country/Organization

          Portugal, C2TN

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2021

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Radiosensitization of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae using combined treatments of essential oils and ionizing radiation with gamma-ray and X-Ray at different dose rates

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2019

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Publications/POL1.pdf?csf=1web=1e=MoRZS4

          Country/Organization

          Poland

          Type

          Journal Article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://iaeacloud.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/CRADocuments/CRPs/F23033%202220/Pub…

          Description

          Effect of gamma-irradiation on the microbial inactivation, nutritional value, and antioxidant activities of infant formula

          Country/Organization

          Canada

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2018

          Publication URL

          https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X17313051?via%3Dihub

          Description

          A research article on "Low-energy electron-beam treatment as alternative for on-site sterilization of highly functionalized medical products – A feasibility study"

          Country/Organization

          Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics

          Type

          Research article

          Year

          2020

          Publication URL

          https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31991509/

          Description

          A research article on "Radiosensitivity increase in FCV-F9 virus using combined treatments with natural antimicrobials and gamma-irradiation"

          Country/Organization

          Canada, Canadian Irradiation Centre

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